1. Complete the map with the correct words.

METALWORKING
Metalworking is the process of shaping 1. to create objects after smelting, in which 2. are heated in order to extract their base metal.

History:
• in ancient 3. , the blacksmiths were very skilled at creating objects
• with the Industrial 4. , new 5. were invented for more specialised products, giving rise to the modern 6.

Modern techniques:
• 7. → removal of excess metal using different 8.
• casting → molten metal into rigid 9.
• 10. → compressive 11. shape metals
• forming → mechanical 12. → no adding or removing material, mass remains 13.
• 14. → more pieces of metal joined together with welding, brazing, and soldering

2. Complete the sentences with the missing words or phrases, choosing from those given below.

kind of tools • mechanical deformation • extracted from ore • a rigid mould • metal objects • metalworking tools • modern metalworking • joining processes

1. Metalworking is the process through which are formed and shaped.
2. Pure metals cannot be processed so, through smelting, the base metal is to be worked.
3. The Industrial Revolution and foundries were the starting point of .
4. Cutting shapes objects by removing the excess using various .
5. During the casting process the molten metal is put into to be shaped.
6. The process through which a metal workpiece is fashioned by is called forming.
7. Welding, brazing, and soldering are through which two or more pieces of metal are joined together.
8. Today, include several complex tools such as fibre lasers, punch presses, panel benders, and welding equipment.