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Unit 4.4 Machine tools
Page 215


1. Complete the map with the correct words.

THE LATHE
The lathe is a machine tool that uses workpiece 1. around horizontal 2. .

Parts of a lathe:
• bed → base
• carriage → slides on 3.
• lead 4. → helical grooves
• carriage handwheel → manually moves 5.
• headstock → transmits 6.
• spindle → holds 7. while rotating
• 8. → supports workpiece along longitudinal axis

Types of lathes:
• 9. lathe machine → high-speed, hand-operated machine
• engine lathe machine → for big 10. : turning, facing, grooving, knurling, drilling, boring
• turret lathe machine → for 11. : tailstock replaced by revolving hexagonal 12.
• 13. lathe machine → for small precision works: small-size, hand-operated power lathe
• CNC lathe machine → computer 14. control system according to CAD/CAM program input
2. Watch the video and match each item of lathe tooling with its description.
To make existing holes bigger or refine the finish of a hole.Work on the outside of the piece, roughing and finishing.Left-hand, right-hand, and neutral.To make threads on the inner or outer diameters of a part.Look and function like power drill bits.To part off the stock, make grooves and smooth finishes.
External turning tools →
Boring bars →
Drills →
Thread making tools →
Parting tools →
Tool varieties →
3. Fill in the blanks with the words given below.

turning • hands • tools • machining • addition • workpiece • engines • industrialisation • significant • cutting

The History of the Lathe Machine
One of the oldest tools used by 1. services is called the lathe. It is a tool believed to have been created by the ancient Egyptians back in 1300 BC. It is known as the mother of machine 2. , as it was the first one that led to the invention of other machines. It is used to perform 3. operations in which exceeding material is removed from the workpiece rotating against a 4. tool. Ancient Rome improved the Egyptian design with the 5. of a turning bow. In the Middle Ages, a pedal replaced hand-operated turning, freeing both the craftsman’s 6. to hold the tools. With the advent of the Industrial Revolution, the role of the lathe became increasingly 7. as it began to be used to craft parts for other machine tools, while lathes evolved into hydraulic lathe machines which had thicker, more rigid parts. During this time, steam 8. and water wheels were attached to the lathe to turn the 9. at a higher speed, which made work faster and easier. These lathe machines helped to pave the way for current 10. and automation.

Adapted from: https://www.tramarindustries.com/2021/03/08/the-history-of-the-lathe-machine/